The working class was recycled by the process of displacement and reabsorption during a transitional period. Many workers had relied on the manufacturing jobs and once those jobs start disappearing many become unemployed. For African Americans men this was an exclusion from stable employment. These men started relying on informal works, low paying jobs that are unstable and hustling. On the other hand, Women labor increased, especially in health care. Those that had left the workforce after they got married started re-entering. They started re-entering the workforce like daycare, health care, and retail. Because of the increase in women employment and decline in men employment the families started relying on women’s wages. 

The consequences was a job loss of around 150,000 people in manufacturing jobs, African American didn’t have stable employment, and many black women started joining the workforce. On the political side it led to greater reliance on the welfare state. The government sustained the economy by subsidizing health care. The social consequences were that women became primary earners and men were struggling to find jobs. There was a high racial disparities in employment opportunities for black men. 

   The Social welfare, government programs designed to protect citizens from economic risks and uncertainties, was so meager because there were inadequacies in the welfare state in the response to the deindustrialization they government couldn’t keep up with the demands of insecure workers, and the inadequacies of gender and racial identity shaped who benefits from the program and who doesn’t.