How Pennsylvania’s Working Class Was “Recycled” in the Shift to a Service Economy

The economic landscape of the United States underwent a seismic shift in the 1970s and 1980s, as the nation transitioned from an industrial to a service-based economy. Few places felt this shift more acutely than Pennsylvania, once a titan of steel, coal, and manufacturing. The collapse of these industries forced the working class into lower-payingContinue reading “How Pennsylvania’s Working Class Was “Recycled” in the Shift to a Service Economy”

Week 9: Recycled Working Class

The working class being “recycled” refers to the working-class population relying on welfare and public institutions to make ends meet. This is seen in the quote: “Deindustrialization threw the working-class population back onto the welfare state for survival, testing its component institutions, public and private…” The market would need to see investment into a newContinue reading “Week 9: Recycled Working Class”